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2014 ‫מועד יולי‬ - 41 - ‫ פרק ראשו ן‬- ‫ אנגלית‬

Text II (Questions 18-22)

(1) In ancient Greece, doctors were people of great importance. Although some had
permanent clinics in towns, most doctors travelled from place to place to see their
patients. They placed great emphasis on cleanliness, never touching a wound and
examining it only with the aid of instruments. They questioned patients closely about

(5) their symptoms and looked for factors in people's lives and surroundings that might
affect their health. Greek doctors also prepared herbal and mineral mixtures with
antiseptic properties for the treatment of wounds. Although not always beneficial to
patients, the procedures they employed involved much care and caution.

In addition to addressing the physical aspects of disease, Greek doctors did not
(10) neglect the spiritual side of healing. When their own efforts failed, they recommended

that their patients visit one of the many "asclepieia" – temples dedicated to the patron
god of physicians, Asclepius, and his daughters, Hygeia (health) and Panacea (healing).
At the temples, patients relaxed in beautiful surroundings and read inscriptions on
marble pillars that told of miraculous remedies provided by the gods. It was believed
(15) that if they spent the night in the sacred hall, Asclepius would appear to them as they
slept and give them a "dream drug" or even perform "dream surgery," and cure them.

The greatest of all doctors in ancient Greece was Hippocrates. A physician and
surgeon, he headed a medical school on the Aegean island of Kos. His work and that of
his followers is contained in the Corpus Hippocraticum, over 70 volumes that range in

(20) content from detailed case histories to thoughts on the practice of medicine, the effects
of the environment on health and, most importantly, prognosis. It was the Hippocratic
school's concentration on the latter that distinguished it from other medical schools of
thought that were active at the time. While non-Hippocratic doctors only tried to
identify symptoms and make diagnoses, the Kos physicians went one step further and

(25) tried to predict a patient's prospects of recovery.

Questions

18. The main purpose of the first paragraph is to -

(1) discuss the relationship between Greek doctors and their patients
(2) explain why doctors were so important in ancient Greece
(3) compare medical procedures used in different places
(4) describe the methods used by doctors in ancient Greece

)‫© כל הזכויות שמורות למרכז ארצי לבחינות ולהערכה (ע"ר‬

.‫ בלא אישור בכתב מהמרכז הארצי לבחינות ולהערכה‬- ‫ כולה או חלקים ממנה‬- ‫ או ללמדה‬,‫אין להעתיק או להפיץ בחינה זו או קטעים ממנה בכל צורה ובכל אמצעי‬