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2019 מועד סתיו - 49 - פרק שני- אנגלית
Text II (Questions 18-22)
(1) In the corporate world, failure has come to be viewed almost as something to be
envied. On the web or in the conference hall, entrepreneurs who have failed at a
venture often tell the story of what went wrong and describe the insight and personal
growth they gained from their mistakes. By going public, they also proclaim
(5) membership in a community of innovators who are unafraid to take risks. Many
high-tech companies actually offer bonuses to employees who worked on projects that
failed.
However, this new perception of failure has been slow to reach the realm of
education. Jessica Lahey, author of The Gift of Failure, argues that children today
(10) inhabit environments so cleansed of risk that they have few opportunities to cope with
failure and to benefit from it. Donna Lisker, dean of the prestigious Smith College in
the US, notes, "In many ways, we've pulled kids away from those natural learning
experiences." She adds that when many young people reach college age, they pay the
price. Rachel Simmons, a leadership development specialist at the college, explains,
(15) "For many of our students – those who have had to be almost perfect to get accepted
into a school like Smith – failure can be an unfamiliar experience. So when it happens,
it can be crippling." Indeed, mental health data show that depression and anxiety are
widespread among students. Extremely high rates of stress are leading to a greater
demand for counseling services than Smith and other educational institutions can afford
(20) to provide.
Some colleges and universities have begun encouraging students to talk about
their struggles and to rethink what it means to fail. At Smith College, a new program
called Failing Well aims to destigmatize failure and impress upon students that it is part
of the learning process. Offering workshops and discussions on perfectionism, anxiety,
(25) and bouncing back after disappointment, the program is part of a campus-wide effort to
foster student resilience. Elsewhere, similar programs have sprung up, including
Harvard University's Success-Failure Project, Princeton University's Perspective
Project, and the University of Pennsylvania's PennFaces initiative.
Questions
18. Which of the following statements is not made in the first paragraph?
(1) All entrepreneurs fail at one time or another.
(2) Members of the corporate world believe that failure fosters understanding.
(3) Some people believe that failure is something to be proud of.
(4) Many high-tech companies reward failure.
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